 Ulrich HauriGeb. ca. 1283 in Jegenstorf, Fraubrunnen, BE, CHE. Gest. nach 1324 in Beromünster, Sursee, LU, CHE BASISINFORMATION: THE ORIGIN OF THE FAMILY HAURI Early scholarship identifies Ulrich Hauri as a son of Ulrich von Reinach, Abbot of Beromünster, but no contemporary records document the relationship. He was more probably the Ulrich Hauri [Uolriens Hoori] who was at Jegenstorf in 1310. If so, he might have been brought to Beromünster by a member of the von Krauchtal or von Jegenstorf family entering the monastery. Ulrich's wife Rechenza, called Hauri's wife, was mentioned 17 February 1313 as cellarer at Beromünster (Lehensinhaberin des Stiftskellers). He is presumed to be the Hörinus named in 1324 on the Beromünster tax rolls. Because the early Hauris lived at Stift Beromünster, some background might be appropriate. Beromünster was a collegiate church, that is, it was a monastic-style religious house with priests called Canons Regular. Congregations of Canons Regular had constitutions inspired by the "Carta Caritatis." Their superiors were generally called "Abbot" in France, "Prior" in Italy, and "Provost" in Germany and Switzerland, but these titles are interchangeable for them. Beyond Ulrich, there is no connected genealogy of the Hauri family. A Conrad Hornus was mentioned in 1272 as a knight of the Order of Saint Lazarus at Gfenn, near Zürich when the order gave their church at Meiringen to Kloster Interlaken. This Conrad might have been a Hauri. If so, he might have come from Höri, now a suburb of Zürich. Another Conrad Hauri, was mentioned in 1282 at Steffisburg, Bern in a charter from Werner von Steffisburg to Kloster Interlaken. He was mentioned again in 1308 when Werner von Steffisburg bequeathed lands to his daughter Adelheid, wife of Peter von Wichtrach, and still again in 1341. A Nicholas Hauri was mentioned (in Erlon?) near Steffisburg in 19 January 1303. An Ulrich Hauri was mentioned 27 January 1310 at Jegenstorf when Peter von Krauchtal sold two farmsteads to Junker Blieso. He was mentioned again in 1329. "Hauri's home" and "Hauri's acres" are mentioned in 1336 near Jegenstorf. Finally, in a different area, Metzger Haury, a burgher of Freiburg, was killed in 1299 during a battle between his village and the Bishop of Strasbourg. "Metzger" was probably his occupation, not his given name. In German, "Metzger" means "butcher." MYTHOLOGICAL ORIGINS The Hauris, like many families, have a colorful myth regarding their earliest history. In fact, there are two of these myths, and a third which makes it seem possible that both are true. The first story, apparently found only among the family in North America, is that the first Hauri was an illegitimate son of one of the Counts von Habsburg and of the Count's Moslem mistress brought back from the Crusades. The name Hauri is then said to be a form of "houri", a term for the nymphs who serve the devout Moslem in Paradise, and by extension, a beautiful woman. The second story, apparently found only among the family in Switzerland, is that the Hauris are descendents of Hovri, a Russian merchant who settled in Switzerland in the 13th century with a group of other merchants who were granted lands by Werner von Steffisburg. [1] In support of this story the earliest Hauris are said to have been Russian Orthodox. However, in the 14th century a number of Hauris were Roman Catholic priests and canons at the Monastery of Beromünster, so this latter part of the story, at least, appears to be incorrect. Alternatively, one history of Reinach says that the Hauri or Hovry family came from the Balkan states in the 10th century and settled at Sursee [H. Hauri, 1997]. A compromise story is that the Count's mistress was the merchant's daughter. Early records are too scarce to prove or disprove these stories. Neither is necessarily implausible, but lacking documentation they depend on the unlikely supposition that an oral tradition of limited interest survived in one family from the 13th century to the 19th century apparently without being recorded in writing. Legends of noble descent are common in many families. In the instance of the Hauris, their geographic proximity to the original home of the famous von Habsburg family probably gave rise to the legends. If there is any truth to this story, it is possible that the descent arises instead through the seduction or rape of a peasant girl, or that the connection is with some other noble family than the famous von Habsburgs. Before the 1270s the Aargau, the area in which the Hauris lived, belong the Counts von Lenzburg. When this family died out, the Counts von Habsburg inherited most of their possessions. In 1273 Count Rudolf von Habsburg became Emperor of Germany and the family afterwards became Archdukes of Austria, and moved their capital from Habsburg, a castle in the Aargau, to the city of Vienna in Austria. The Habsburg's subjects in what is now central Switzerland rebelled and formed the Swiss Confederation. In 1415 the Aargau was conquered from the Habsburgs by the Confederation and annexed to Canton Bern. It remained a part of Bern until 1798 when the French conquered Switzerland and made the Aargau a separate canton. Likewise, in 1415 one of the Hauris purchased land recently taken from the Habsburgs. I would also suggest that the legend of Habsburg descent might be a garbled account of this purchase. THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME The standard Germanic spelling of the name is now Hauri, but it early records the name is also variously spelled Haury, Höri, Horin, and Houri. The surnames Häri, Hari, and Harer, which also appear in this area of Switzerland seem to be of separate origin. It is generally accepted that the name Hauri is derived from the Alemannic verb "hauren," to speak loudly. As a noun it is applied to a loud or high spirited person, or possibly a boaster. Some sources suggest that the name Hauri might have been the title of the official spokesperson of a court or a term for a town crier, but I find no evidence of this. I believe, however, that an equally probable interpretation has been overlooked. It is possible that the name might have originally been applied to someone from the village of Höri [2] in the Barony of Tengen, north of Zürich. The earliest Hauris are generally named in Latin charters as "dictus Hörinus", that is "called Höri", or perhaps "called of Höri. "The first known reference to any Hauri names Conrad Hornus as a knight living at the Lazarite Commandery in Gfenn, Zürich. Noble families of this period took their surnames from their family lands, and although the evidence is circumstantial, it is not unreasonable to suppose that this Conrad might have come from nearby Höri. I have been told, however, that this is impossible on etymological grounds. Phonemes change in predictable ways. The phoneme /aw/ becomes au in German, ui in Dutch, and ú in Icelandic. It would not have become ö. Yet we know from other sources that the Hauris were called Hörinus in Latin charters. THE EARLIEST HISTORICAL HAURIS A Conrad Hauri [Chuondradus dictus Hornus], Knight of the Order of Saint Lazarus, living at the order's Commandery of Gfenn, near Dübendorf, Zürich, WAs named in a charter dated 13 April 1272 [3], when the order donated the church at Meiringen [4] to Kloster Interlaken. [5] This is the first mention of any Hauri and the only reference to imply that the family might originally have been nobles. Gfenn and Seedorf were under a Prefectory of the Order in Freiborg, and all of them were under a main Prefect in the Black Forest [5a]. A Conrad Hauri [Chuondradus dictus Hovri] was mentioned on 8 February 1282 as owing 9 shillings annually for his land at Steffisburg [6], when Werner von Steffisburg leased certain lands to Kloster Interlaken. This Conrad cannot be clearly identified with the above Conrad. The dues that he owed Werner von Steffisburg for his lands are in line with amounts throughout the region for larger peasant holdings and there is nothing to indicate that these were anything else. However, if the two Conrads are in fact identical, these two documents suggest that the connection with Kloster Interlaken brought the Hauris from Höri in Zurich to Steffisburg in Bern. Conrad Hauri [Conrad dictus Hovri] was mentioned again on 29 March 1308 [7] when Werner von Matten bequeathed lands, including Conrad's holdings, to Kloster Interlaken. In the same document Werner von Matten [8] bequeaths other lands, which belonged half to the Hauri farmstead, to his daughter Adelheid, wife of Peter von Wichtrach. [9] It should be noted that different lands seem to be involved in these documents, and that Conrad seems to have held lands simultaneously from the von Steffisburg and von Matten families. A Nicholas Hauri [Nicholaus Hovri] was mentioned in a 19 January 1303 charter [10] as owing 8 shillings annually for his farmstead [11] at Steffisburg, when Walter ab der Matten renounced any claims he might have to lands given by his father to Kloster Interlaken. Conrad and Nicholas Hauri are thought to have been brothers, since both were living at the same time and holding lands in the same area. [12] An Ulrich Hauri was mentioned 24 July 1310 at Jegistorf as living near two farmsteads sold by Squire Bleiso to Peter von Krauchtal, a burgher of Berne. [13] In 1323 and 1336 "Hauri's property" was mentioned in the same area. This Ulrich is said to have been the son of Nicholas and nephew of Conrad Hauri. He is identified with the Hauri [Hörinus] named in 1313 and 1324 at Beromünster. [14] The earliest Hauris, then, are Conrad (living 1282-1308), Nicholas (living 1303), and Ulrich (living 1310-1324). There is nothing to prove their relationship to one another, although they living in the same area and were very likely close relatives. Perhaps coincidentally, a charter dated 7 March 1290 [15] names Nicholas, Conrad, and Ulrich "of the Hospital" [dicti des Spitals] [16], as among those living at the Manor of Bernensem near Engi [17] when that manor was granted by the Master of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit (Ordinis Sancti Spiritus near Bern to another party. It has been suggested, but not proven, that these men are identical with the Hauris. [Note that this was not a Lazarite hospital. The only three Lazarite hospitals in this region were at Gfenn near Zürich, Seedorf in Uri, and Schlatt near Freiburg-im-Breisgau.] The Nicholas, Conrad, and Ulrich of the Hospital were probably close relatives, as other persons named in the same document are each given their different surnames. There is no problem with identifying Conrad Hauri (1272) with Conrad of the Hospital (1290), although it remains to be proven. However, it would be more of stretch to identify both with Conrad Hauri (1282-1308). Further, there is nothing to support the identifications of Nicholas and Ulrich. On the whole, this theory might merit further investigation, but is cannot now be taken as more than speculation. Finally, there was a Metzger Hauri (that is, Butcher Hauri), of Freiburg, who was killed 1299 in a war between his village and the Bishop of Strassburg. He is not known to have been a relative of any of the above Hauris, nor have any suggestions of relationship been advanced. Heinz Haurer, mentioned 1400-1413 at Biberach. Bentz Haurer, named 1426 as a burgher from Reutlingen. GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES Entfelden, Schöftland and Sursee are in the Suhrenthal, a valley running north and south. Liebegg, Reinach and Beromünster are in the Wynenthal, a parallel valley, which also runs north and soutfh. Solothurn, Bergdorf, and Eggiwil are in the Emmenthal. Another valley is the Simmenthal. THE HAURIS AT BEROMÜNSTER The earliest connected pedigree of the Hauri family begins with the Hauris at Beromünster. There is little doubt that they are connected with the Hauris of Steffisburg and Jegistorf, perhaps coming from the Aare Valley to Beromünster in the early 14th century with one of the Canons. [21] Beromünster was founded in 980 by Count Bero als Eigenkirche und "Kloster" zu Ehren des hl. Archangel Michael gegründet worden sei . . . Die Schirmvögtei übte die Familie die Gründer. With the extinction in 1173 of the Lenzburgs die Vögtgewalt durch Erbschaft an the Kyburgs, passed in 1264 to the Austrian Habsburgs. [22] Schloss Beromünster (illus. p. 135) im 1400's diente das Haus einem Zweige der Truchsessen-familie von Wolhusen zur Wohnung. Here was seated the Truchsesse Johannes, verelicht with Margaritha von Beinwil, the daughter of the Knight Peter von Hallwil. Johannes, their son (d. 1359), was Canon at Beromünster. Here dwelt [det] Knight and Truchsess Peter von Wolhusen with his wife Agnes von Heidegg . . . The castle of the Truchsessen von Wolhusen ging im 15. 00's in den Besitz des Chorherren Helyas Helye von Laufen über . . . [23] Bern is called also Bernensium. Beromünster is Beronensi. Although the Hauris at Beromünster were undoubtedly peasants [24], they must have belonged to an elevated portion of the peasant class in order to have held offices connected with the monastery and to have become Canons. [25] The principal secular officials of the monastery at Beromünster were the Bailiff [Ammann], a Cupbearer, a Cook, and two Bakers. The Hauris held at various times the offices of Bailiff and Baker. Lakter, the Hauris were connected through the marriage of Margreta Weibel with the von Gundoldingen family and through them with the von Buttisholz and von Liebegg families, this latter being patrons of the Hauris. This was before the rise of the middle classes, and the Hauris are now of the ancient burgher families of Switzerland (honoratiores). THE COAT OF ARMS The Hauri coat of arms is technically described as:Azure, a gamecock hardi argent armed and membered gules, and for crest, a gamecock as in the arms. [18] These arms are canting arms; that is, they are a pun on the name. To contemporaries the name Hauri would have suggested a load or boastful person [hauren], and the crowing of a rooster suggests the loud voice or boasting for which the family was named. To the contemporary mind perhaps a chicken will seem an odd choice for a coat of arms, but from classical times through the middle ages the curious notion prevailed that even lions were terrified of roosters. [19] Consequently, a fighting rooster (in Latin, Gallus) is the symbol for France (in Latin, Gaul). Further, the given name Galli was popular with the Hauris at Reinach. The Hauri arms are similar to those of other families from the same region. The Schopffla family from the Isle of Reichenau used Argent, a cock sable wings expanded, and for a crest, 2 cocks head or, mantled sable and or. [20] These arms predate the connection with the von Gundoldingen family by at least a generation. The Gundoldingen arms - per pale azure and argent a fess gules - cannot therefore have been the foundation for the Hauri colors. If there is any discernable inspiration for the color choice, it might have been the arms of Lucerne - per pale azure and argent - where the family then lived, but even this is doubtful. One of the noteworthy things about these arms is that they are recorded with a crest. In this period, the crest was reserved for nobles. Other families of apparently equivalent rank with the Hauris do not show a crest in contemporary documents. The only other family shown on the same page of Liber Vitae with a crest is von Hünaberg, the lords of Reinach. This exception is thus the one piece of real evidence that the Hauris might, indeed, have formerly been noble. Against this is the fact that the arms are shown with no torse, an early privilege of knighthood. NOTES 1 J. Meier, of Reinach. 2 The community of Höri is composed of the villages of Oberhöri, Niederhöri, and Endhöri. It belonged successively to various monasteries: Rheinau in Zürich, Saint Martin of Zürich, Wettingen near Baden (now in Aargau), and Rüti. Other rights in the community belonged to the Counts von Kyburg, and passed about 1300 with other Kyburg lands to the Counts von Habsburg. The community is now a suburb of Bülach, about 20 kilometers north of Zürich. 3 Bern, No. 580. 4 The Church at Meiringen, in the Hasli Valley, was from 1313 one of the Commanderies of the Order of Saint Lazarus. 5 Kloster Interlaken was an Augustinian monastery and until 1484 also a convent. It is located southeast of Bern, and one mile west of the south shore of Lake Thun. 5a Leper Knights. 6 Bern, No. 334. 7 Bern, No. 287. 8 Matten is located southeast of Bern, one-half mile south of Kloster Interlaken, and one mile west of the south shore of Lake Thun. 9 Wichtrach is located about 22 km south of Bern, on the road to Thun. 10 Bern, No. 107. This document was executed at Thun, which in 1384 belonged to Habsburg-Kyburgs. 11 This holding is called a "Schuppose," that is, a farmstead of about 30 acres. 12 Likewise, Conrad's lord Werner von Matten, and Nicholas' lord Walter ab der Matten, seem to have been brothers. 13 Krauchtal is about 12 kilometers northeast of Berne. 14 Dr. J. J. Siegrist, Archivist, Cantonal Archives of Aargau. 15 Bern, No. 821. 16 Curiously, the English family Lospital (probably derived from l'Hospital - the Hospital] bears the same coat of arms as the Hauris: Azure a cock argent [Papworth's Ordinary]. This fact might bear investigation, but another coincidence is almost certainly random. The Orkney Howry family, the only other family known to have a surname even close to Hauri, were feudal vassals of the Sinclairs, whose crest is a cock. 17 Perhaps Enge, now a suburb of Zürich, or Engi in Glarus. 18 Recorded circa 1398 at Beromünster, Aargau. The coat of arms distributed by Halbert's [Per pairle, 1st argent a rose gules, 2nd gules a rose badge or, and 3rd or a rose badge gules] was devised by that company in allusion to the English origin of the family; an origin mistakenly presumed in North America where the name is spelled Howery, Howry, and Howrey. 19 Lucretius in his De Rerum Natura, Book IV:710-714, says:"quin etiam gallum . . . noenu queunt rabidi contra constare leones inque tueri, ita continuo meminere fugai" -- In truth even ravening lions are not able to face and to gaze upon cocks, but are immediately minded of escape. "A motto for some branch of the family might be "Leones meminere fugai. " 20 Grünenberg, Wappenbuch, 1483. 21 In 1273 Hugo von Jegenstorf was a Canon at Beromünster. 22 Bossardt, Fritz. Ein Heimatbuch:Sursee, Sempach, Beromünster. (Zürich, 1946), p. 112. 23 Bossardt, 134. 24 They paid taxes from which nobles would have been exempt. The various classes of peasants (plebani) were the sokmani (yeomen or free men), villani (villeins or copyholders), cottari (cottars or small copyholders), bordari, and bondi (bondsmen, landless men, serfs). 25 Dr. A. Gossi, Staatsarchiv des Kantons Luzern, 30 September 1980. Text: Arms of Hauri of Beromunster: Azure a dove roussant argent wings elevated and expanded beaked and membered gules. Crest: a dove as in the arms. Reference: Liber Vitae, Beromünster. Lucerne, c1415: Hauri. Notes: cf. Blarer, Veltheim. Arms of Hauri of Luzern: Gules, a sign in the form of a saltire couped conjoined in chief and base to two arrows sans flights points outwards argent. Reference: Mauensee, Oberkirch, and Wilihof, Lucerne, Switzerland, family 852 in the Luzern Wappensammlung des Staatsarchivs. ! Correspondence, Recipient: Justin Swanstrèom , Author E-mail: hans-rudolf.hauri@mbox.gst.admin.ch, Hans-Rudolf Hauri, 1997 Beschreibung CL0 - fs
Verheiratet ca. 1305, Alter ungefähr 22 Jahre mit:
Kind:
1.
Johann HauriGeb. ca. 1308. Beruf: Pfarrer BIOGRAPHIE: war Pfarrer in Sursee. 1415 war er einer der Richter des niederen Gerichts von Lüdigen, Teil von Romrswil. Beschreibung CL4 - fs | |||
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